Independent reading and/or research under the guidance of a faculty member. Refer to the academic policy section for independent study policy. Independent study contract is required. May be repeated for credit.

Three hours lecture per week. This course will explore the underlying causes of the current environmental sustainability crises, using lectures, case studies and recitation to explore and to understand the human impact on the Earths environment and the sustainability of human culture. The student will comprehend the causes and the extent of the unsustainable use of earths resources and the danger of the collapse of the planets environmental support systems.

Courses on topics of interest to environmental studies students offered on the basis of need, interest, or timeliness. Prerequisites as determined by instructor. Restricted to students with junior standing or higher. May be repeated for credit. For specific section description, click to the Section Details in VitNet.

Courses on topics of interest to chemistry students offered on the basis of need, interest, or timeliness. Prerequisites as determined by the instructor. Restricted to students with junior standing or higher. May be repeated for credit. For specific section description, click to the Section Details in VitNet.

Non-classroom experiences in the field of chemistry. Placements are off-campus, and may be full- or part-time, and with or without pay. Credit for experiences must be sought prior to occurance, and learning contracts must be submitted before the end of the first week of the semester. See the experiential learning: internship section of this catalog for more details. Restricted to students with junior standing or higher. Graded CR/NC.

Three hours lecture per week. A study of how energy interacts with and is transformed in chemical and biological systems. Topics include kinetic energy of molecules, thermodynamics, equilibrium, enzyme kinetics, spectroscopy and quantum properties. Prerequisite: grade of C or higher in 121.

Three hours lecture/four hours lab per week. An introduction to the theoretical and practical fundamentals of analytical chemistry. Lecture includes statistical evaluation of analytical data, acid-base equilibria, reduction-oxidation equilibria, and the principles of spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis. Laboratory includes gravimetric, titrimetric, kinetic, potentiometric, and spectroscopic techniques. Prerequisite: C or higher in 121.

Three hours lecture/three hours lab per week. A continuation of CHEM 240. Topics include reaction mechanisms including regio- and stereoselectivity, total synthesis, and retrosynthetic analysis. Prerequisite: grade of C or higher in 240.

Three hours of lecture/four hours of lab per week. This course will explore the roles of essential biological molecules and seeks to analyze the structures, properties, and functions of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids while providing a biological application of general and organic chemistry principles. Students will explore the structure of proteins, their function, their binding properties and the methodologies for the purification and characterization of proteins.

Three hours lecture per week. Fundamental chemical processes of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and anthrosphere. Topics include biogeochemical cycles, smog formation, global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, air pollution, acid rain, groundwater and soil pollution, deforestation, wastewater treatment, genetically modified crops, and other social environmental concerns. Prerequisite: 240.