This course provides an historical and sociological examination of the models, practices and rationalizations for community based punishment and incarceration. It includes an overview of early punishment and modern day incarceration, treatment, reform, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders. The course explores the historical movement towards and away from mass incarceration to the development of probation and parole systems, de-incarceration, community corrections, and the control of criminal offenders within our society. The course addresses the concept and practice of restorative justice. These concepts are considered through societal factors such as age, gender, sexuality, social class, racial/ethnic identity, and disability, and the impact of imprisonment and community corrections on different individuals and groups.